The latest aunt repaired outcomes identify 65% of one’s type during the education inside attempt
gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).
Within our sample you can find 676 sisters, of whom 302 was ple (as they come from a household in which at least one girl is actually hitched amerikkalaiset Bulgaria-naiset early) has dads having notably down academic attainment, are more likely to become Muslim, and are usually likely to live-in outlying areas
When we explore the the amount that province and you may town repaired consequences get differences in social and financial drawback by exploring its capability to identify version in the academic attainment, we find that town repaired consequences explain over 31% from the adaptation, a little more versus step three% said from the province fixed outcomes. All the adaptation is actually yet not contained in this communities.
We first introduce estimations you to handle for province*time-revolution FE right after which village*time-trend FE. We then wade a step then by the presenting results in which i estimate sister repaired effects activities where coefficients is projected of evaluations out-of siblings, certainly whom had hitched very early together with other whom performed perhaps not. That it review controls for all relatives services, one another observable and you will unobservable, educated of the sisters e.g., family relations history. This however significantly reduces the brand new attempt. These email address details are ergo best-read to be applicable to houses out of alot more conservative minimizing socio-economic domiciles. Footnote 10
Finally, ?ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11
where ChYihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (Xihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHChhv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Chihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.
